{
  "reviewed": "2026-09-07",
  "groups": [
    {
      "id": "all",
      "label": "All respondents",
      "shortLabel": "All",
      "color": "#165f55"
    },
    {
      "id": "republican",
      "label": "Republicans",
      "shortLabel": "Republican",
      "color": "#a24536"
    },
    {
      "id": "democrat",
      "label": "Democrats",
      "shortLabel": "Democratic",
      "color": "#225fa0"
    },
    {
      "id": "independent",
      "label": "Independents",
      "shortLabel": "Independent",
      "color": "#705186"
    }
  ],
  "series": [
    {
      "id": "appc-local-data-centers",
      "kind": "trend",
      "pollster": "Annenberg Public Policy Center / SSRS",
      "sponsor": "Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania",
      "title": "Local data-center construction",
      "topic": "Data centers",
      "questionId": "AI7",
      "questionSummary": "Whether respondents support or oppose new data centers being built in their area.",
      "responseOptions": "Strongly support; somewhat support; neither; somewhat oppose; strongly oppose; not sure. Nonresponse retained in totals.",
      "population": "U.S. citizens age 18+",
      "mode": "Probability-based panel, primarily online with some phone interviews",
      "partyDefinition": "APPC's stable party groups include party-leaning independents. The Independent category also includes party nonresponse.",
      "denominator": "All respondents asked the item, including neutral and uncertain responses; percentages are weighted, sample sizes are unweighted.",
      "comparisonNote": "Both waves come from the same August 2026 topline, question AI7. Most respondents participated in both waves; these are not independent samples. Two observations describe this interval, not every intervening month.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "appc-ai-august-topline",
        "appc-data-centers-august",
        "appc-ai-may",
        "appc-panel-method"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "id": "oppose",
          "label": "Oppose local data centers",
          "measure": "Somewhat or strongly oppose (%)",
          "interpretation": "Annenberg reports a statistically significant overall increase. Party-level changes shown here are descriptive estimates, not independently tested significance claims."
        },
        {
          "id": "support",
          "label": "Support local data centers",
          "measure": "Somewhat or strongly support (%)",
          "interpretation": "Support fell over the same two waves. Neutral responses remain in the denominator; support is not calculated as 100 minus opposition."
        }
      ],
      "waves": [
        {
          "id": "appc-w37",
          "label": "Feb–Mar 2026",
          "fieldStart": "2026-02-17",
          "fieldEnd": "2026-03-20",
          "sampleSize": 1330,
          "moe": 3.5,
          "confidence": 95,
          "sourceIds": [
            "appc-ai-august-topline",
            "appc-ai-may"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "appc-w38",
          "label": "Jun–Jul 2026",
          "fieldStart": "2026-06-16",
          "fieldEnd": "2026-07-19",
          "sampleSize": 1320,
          "moe": 3.48,
          "confidence": 95,
          "sourceIds": [
            "appc-ai-august-topline",
            "appc-data-centers-august"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "waveId": "appc-w37",
          "group": "all",
          "sampleSize": 1330,
          "values": {
            "oppose": 49,
            "support": 21
          }
        },
        {
          "waveId": "appc-w37",
          "group": "republican",
          "sampleSize": 510,
          "values": {
            "oppose": 39,
            "support": 28
          }
        },
        {
          "waveId": "appc-w37",
          "group": "democrat",
          "sampleSize": 654,
          "values": {
            "oppose": 57,
            "support": 16
          }
        },
        {
          "waveId": "appc-w37",
          "group": "independent",
          "sampleSize": 162,
          "values": {
            "oppose": 51,
            "support": 19
          }
        },
        {
          "waveId": "appc-w38",
          "group": "all",
          "sampleSize": 1320,
          "values": {
            "oppose": 61,
            "support": 14
          }
        },
        {
          "waveId": "appc-w38",
          "group": "republican",
          "sampleSize": 515,
          "values": {
            "oppose": 54,
            "support": 19
          }
        },
        {
          "waveId": "appc-w38",
          "group": "democrat",
          "sampleSize": 643,
          "values": {
            "oppose": 69,
            "support": 10
          }
        },
        {
          "waveId": "appc-w38",
          "group": "independent",
          "sampleSize": 157,
          "values": {
            "oppose": 53,
            "support": 14
          }
        }
      ],
      "publishedChanges": [
        {
          "metric": "oppose",
          "group": "all",
          "estimate": 11.8,
          "lower": 6.9,
          "upper": 16.6,
          "confidence": 95,
          "method": "Published wave-to-wave comparison using unrounded estimates",
          "sourceId": "appc-ai-august-topline",
          "locator": "PDF page 14, Change Since the Previous Wave"
        },
        {
          "metric": "support",
          "group": "all",
          "estimate": -6.9,
          "lower": -10.8,
          "upper": -3.1,
          "confidence": 95,
          "method": "Published wave-to-wave comparison using unrounded estimates",
          "sourceId": "appc-ai-august-topline",
          "locator": "PDF page 14, Change Since the Previous Wave"
        }
      ],
      "locator": "PDF pages 4–5, AI7; page 14, published change estimates",
      "roundingNote": "Use the publisher's NET totals. They are rounded after combining underlying values and may differ from sums of rounded component cells. Chart changes use whole-number endpoints."
    },
    {
      "id": "appc-ai-outlook",
      "kind": "trend",
      "pollster": "Annenberg Public Policy Center / SSRS",
      "sponsor": "Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania",
      "title": "AI's expected impact on the United States",
      "topic": "AI overall",
      "questionId": "AI3",
      "questionSummary": "Whether AI's effects on the United States over the coming decade will be positive, negative, or a mixture.",
      "responseOptions": "Very or somewhat positive; equally positive and negative; somewhat or very negative; uncertainty/nonresponse retained in totals.",
      "population": "U.S. citizens age 18+",
      "mode": "Probability-based panel, primarily online with some phone interviews",
      "partyDefinition": "APPC's stable party groups include party-leaning independents. The Independent category also includes party nonresponse.",
      "denominator": "All respondents asked the item, including mixed and uncertain responses; percentages are weighted, sample sizes are unweighted.",
      "comparisonNote": "A different question from local construction. Do not interpret AI-outlook percentages as support or opposition to a data-center project.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "appc-ai-august-topline",
        "appc-data-centers-august",
        "appc-ai-may",
        "appc-panel-method"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "id": "negative",
          "label": "Expect a negative impact from AI",
          "measure": "Somewhat or very negative expected impact (%)",
          "interpretation": "Annenberg describes the overall 42% to 39% change as statistically unchanged. The local data-center opposition trend does not establish a simultaneous broad deterioration in AI attitudes."
        },
        {
          "id": "positive",
          "label": "Expect a positive impact from AI",
          "measure": "Somewhat or very positive expected impact (%)",
          "interpretation": "Annenberg describes the overall outlook as stable. These are expectations about the coming decade, not measured benefits or harms."
        }
      ],
      "waves": [
        {
          "id": "appc-w37",
          "label": "Feb–Mar 2026",
          "fieldStart": "2026-02-17",
          "fieldEnd": "2026-03-20",
          "sampleSize": 1330,
          "moe": 3.5,
          "confidence": 95,
          "sourceIds": [
            "appc-ai-august-topline",
            "appc-ai-may"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "appc-w38",
          "label": "Jun–Jul 2026",
          "fieldStart": "2026-06-16",
          "fieldEnd": "2026-07-19",
          "sampleSize": 1320,
          "moe": 3.48,
          "confidence": 95,
          "sourceIds": [
            "appc-ai-august-topline",
            "appc-data-centers-august"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "waveId": "appc-w37",
          "group": "all",
          "sampleSize": 1330,
          "values": {
            "negative": 42,
            "positive": 17
          }
        },
        {
          "waveId": "appc-w37",
          "group": "republican",
          "sampleSize": 510,
          "values": {
            "negative": 38,
            "positive": 21
          }
        },
        {
          "waveId": "appc-w37",
          "group": "democrat",
          "sampleSize": 654,
          "values": {
            "negative": 45,
            "positive": 13
          }
        },
        {
          "waveId": "appc-w37",
          "group": "independent",
          "sampleSize": 162,
          "values": {
            "negative": 42,
            "positive": 19
          }
        },
        {
          "waveId": "appc-w38",
          "group": "all",
          "sampleSize": 1320,
          "values": {
            "negative": 39,
            "positive": 18
          }
        },
        {
          "waveId": "appc-w38",
          "group": "republican",
          "sampleSize": 515,
          "values": {
            "negative": 36,
            "positive": 22
          }
        },
        {
          "waveId": "appc-w38",
          "group": "democrat",
          "sampleSize": 643,
          "values": {
            "negative": 41,
            "positive": 15
          }
        },
        {
          "waveId": "appc-w38",
          "group": "independent",
          "sampleSize": 157,
          "values": {
            "negative": 46,
            "positive": 11
          }
        }
      ],
      "publishedChanges": [],
      "locator": "PDF pages 3–4, AI3; August release, overall AI outlook",
      "roundingNote": "Publisher's rounded NET totals, not inferred complements."
    },
    {
      "id": "gallup-local-ai-data-centers",
      "kind": "snapshot",
      "pollster": "Gallup",
      "sponsor": "Gallup Poll Social Series",
      "title": "Local construction to support AI",
      "topic": "Data centers",
      "questionId": "QN51",
      "questionSummary": "Whether respondents favor or oppose a local data center supporting AI technology in the United States, and how strongly.",
      "responseOptions": "Strongly or somewhat favor; somewhat or strongly oppose. The listed question has no explicit neutral option; no opinion is recorded separately.",
      "population": "U.S. adults age 18+, 50 states and Washington, D.C.",
      "mode": "Random-sample landline and cellular telephone interviews",
      "partyDefinition": "Gallup's published Party I.D. categories; kept separate from APPC's stable party groups with leaners.",
      "denominator": "All respondents asked the item, including no opinion. Percentages are weighted.",
      "comparisonNote": "Gallup identifies March 2026 as its first measurement of this construction question. A snapshot cannot establish change over time. Different wording, modes, neutral options, and populations prevent joining it to the APPC line.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "gallup-data-centers-may",
        "gallup-data-centers-topline"
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "id": "oppose",
          "label": "Oppose local AI data centers",
          "measure": "Somewhat or strongly oppose (%)",
          "interpretation": "National snapshot only in this dataset; party totals have not been reconstructed by adding rounded category cells."
        },
        {
          "id": "stronglyOppose",
          "label": "Strongly oppose local AI data centers",
          "measure": "Strongly oppose (%)",
          "interpretation": "Intensity, not total opposition. Subgroup sample sizes and margins are not supplied in the selected published crosstab."
        }
      ],
      "waves": [
        {
          "id": "gallup-march-2026",
          "label": "March 2026",
          "fieldStart": "2026-03-02",
          "fieldEnd": "2026-03-18",
          "sampleSize": 1000,
          "moe": 4,
          "confidence": 95,
          "sourceIds": [
            "gallup-data-centers-topline"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "waveId": "gallup-march-2026",
          "group": "all",
          "sampleSize": 1000,
          "values": {
            "oppose": 71,
            "stronglyOppose": 48
          }
        },
        {
          "waveId": "gallup-march-2026",
          "group": "republican",
          "sampleSize": null,
          "values": {
            "oppose": null,
            "stronglyOppose": 39
          }
        },
        {
          "waveId": "gallup-march-2026",
          "group": "democrat",
          "sampleSize": null,
          "values": {
            "oppose": null,
            "stronglyOppose": 56
          }
        },
        {
          "waveId": "gallup-march-2026",
          "group": "independent",
          "sampleSize": null,
          "values": {
            "oppose": null,
            "stronglyOppose": 48
          }
        }
      ],
      "publishedChanges": [],
      "locator": "PDF page 1, method; page 2, Q51 total; page 3, QN51 Party I.D. crosstab",
      "roundingNote": "Published rounded estimates. Missing subgroup totals are null, not zero."
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "appc-ai-august-topline",
      "title": "Annenberg AI survey: August 2026 topline and two-wave comparisons",
      "publisher": "Annenberg Public Policy Center",
      "url": "https://www.annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org/wp-content/uploads/AI_W38_Topline.pdf",
      "type": "Survey topline and crosstabs",
      "date": "2026-08-10",
      "accessed": "2026-09-07",
      "locator": "Pages 1–2: method/party definitions; pages 3–5: AI3/AI7; page 14: change estimates",
      "note": "Primary published estimates, not respondent microdata. Both waves use this release’s stable party grouping. NET totals use unrounded components; panel overlap and subgroup uncertainty matter."
    },
    {
      "id": "appc-data-centers-august",
      "title": "Annenberg reports increasing opposition to local data centers",
      "publisher": "Annenberg Public Policy Center",
      "url": "https://www.annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org/opposition-to-local-data-centers-rises-sharply-annenberg-survey-finds/",
      "type": "Survey research release",
      "date": "2026-08-11",
      "accessed": "2026-09-07",
      "locator": "Local data-center opposition; overall AI outlook; survey methods",
      "note": "Publisher’s interpretation of its own survey, not independent corroboration. The overall construction shift is reported as significant; broader AI outlook is described as stable."
    },
    {
      "id": "appc-ai-may",
      "title": "Annenberg spring 2026 AI survey release",
      "publisher": "Annenberg Public Policy Center",
      "url": "https://www.annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org/americans-pessimistic-about-ais-impact-and-want-more-regulation/",
      "type": "Survey research release",
      "date": "2026-05-13",
      "accessed": "2026-09-07",
      "locator": "Survey methods: field dates, sample, mode, party leaners, full-sample margin",
      "note": "Used for spring fieldwork and methods. The August comparative topline supplies both waves’ charted values so versions and party definitions are not mixed."
    },
    {
      "id": "appc-panel-method",
      "title": "SSRS methods for Annenberg’s Institutions of Democracy panel",
      "publisher": "SSRS / Annenberg Public Policy Center",
      "url": "https://www.annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org/wp-content/uploads/APPC_AIOD_Methodology_2024-2026.pdf",
      "type": "Survey panel methodology",
      "date": "2024 panel methods, linked by 2026 releases",
      "accessed": "2026-09-07",
      "locator": "PDF pages 3–4: citizen population, probability-based recruitment, web/phone modes",
      "note": "The linked report describes panel recruitment and earlier fieldwork. Its older sample size/margin must not be substituted for the 2026 wave-specific figures."
    },
    {
      "id": "gallup-data-centers-may",
      "title": "Gallup’s first local AI data-center construction poll",
      "publisher": "Gallup",
      "url": "https://news.gallup.com/poll/709772/americans-oppose-data-centers-area.aspx",
      "type": "Survey research release",
      "date": "2026-05-13",
      "accessed": "2026-09-07",
      "locator": "March field dates; first measurement; party differences in strong opposition",
      "note": "A national snapshot, not a Gallup time trend. The article also discusses a different April follow-up; those responses are not used as March construction-opinion data."
    },
    {
      "id": "gallup-data-centers-topline",
      "title": "Gallup March 2026 data-center question and party crosstabs",
      "publisher": "Gallup",
      "url": "https://news.gallup.com/file/poll/709808/260513_AIDataCenters.pdf",
      "type": "Survey topline and crosstabs",
      "date": "Released May 13, 2026; fielded March 2–18",
      "accessed": "2026-09-07",
      "locator": "PDF page 1: method; page 2: Q51; page 3: QN51 Party I.D. columns",
      "note": "The full-sample margin is not a party subgroup margin. Strong opposition is not total opposition. The local-AI wording and response options differ from Annenberg’s instrument."
    }
  ]
}