{ "schemaVersion": 1, "scope": "Selected power infrastructure, not a census or dedicated AI supply portfolio. Capacities have different meanings; do not sum generation, storage and transmission ratings.", "datePrecision": "YYYY-MM retains month-only precision; checked is not a new project event.", "powerTypes": { "generation": "Generation", "storage": "Storage", "transmission": "Transmission", "hybrid": "Generation + storage" }, "powerStatuses": { "operating": "In service — documented", "restart": "Restart preparations", "permitted": "Construction permit issued", "financing": "Financing decision recorded" }, "bottleneckLabels": { "grid": "Grid connection / market access", "permitting": "Permitting / licensing", "litigation": "Litigation / legal restrictions", "financing": "Financing", "equipment": "Equipment / commissioning" }, "constraintPhases": { "historical": "Historical hurdle", "pending": "Further steps required", "recorded": "Dated issue; later resolution unconfirmed" }, "projects": [ { "id": "palisades-restart", "name": "Palisades restart", "city": "Covert Township", "state": "Michigan", "states": [ "Michigan" ], "developer": "Holtec International", "kind": "power", "type": "generation", "technology": "Nuclear restart", "status": "restart", "outcome": "Holtec reported the start of fuel loading on August 30, 2026, a step toward—not proof of—commercial generation.", "scope": "The operator describes inspections, refurbishment, testing and equipment upgrades. Fuel loading must not be counted as electricity already supplied to the grid.", "participants": "Holtec International", "capacity": [ { "value": 805, "unit": "MW", "label": "Operator-stated design electrical output", "sourceIds": [ "palisades-fuel-loading" ] } ], "constraints": [ { "type": "equipment", "phase": "pending", "detail": "Refurbishment and fuel loading are documented restart steps; commissioning is not yet commercial service in this source.", "sourceIds": [ "palisades-fuel-loading" ] } ], "events": [ { "date": "2026-08-30", "title": "Fuel-loading process begins", "detail": "Holtec describes entry into the fuel-loading sequence and further steps toward restart.", "sourceIds": [ "palisades-fuel-loading" ] } ], "storyIds": [], "sourceIds": [ "palisades-fuel-loading" ], "checked": "2026-09-07", "asOf": "2026-08-30" }, { "id": "crane-restart", "name": "Crane Clean Energy Center restart", "city": "Londonderry Township", "state": "Pennsylvania", "states": [ "Pennsylvania" ], "developer": "Constellation", "kind": "power", "type": "generation", "technology": "Nuclear restart", "status": "restart", "outcome": "Constellation reported interconnection-rights and fuel-license progress in August 2026, with restart still targeted for 2027.", "scope": "Former Three Mile Island Unit 1. The Microsoft agreement is a power-purchase contract; this is not a claim the plant is already generating or is a dedicated on-site data-center supply.", "participants": "Constellation", "capacity": [ { "value": 835, "unit": "MW", "label": "Approximately; planned restored electrical capacity", "sourceIds": [ "crane-restart-plan" ] } ], "constraints": [ { "type": "grid", "phase": "historical", "detail": "The operator reports that a waiver addressed a capacity-interconnection-rights requirement.", "sourceIds": [ "crane-2026-update" ] }, { "type": "permitting", "phase": "pending", "detail": "Restart remains a future milestone despite the reported licensing progress.", "sourceIds": [ "crane-2026-update" ] } ], "events": [ { "date": "2024-09-20", "title": "Restart plan and power contract announced", "detail": "Constellation announced a 20-year agreement with Microsoft supporting the proposed restart.", "sourceIds": [ "crane-restart-plan" ] }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "title": "Connection and licensing milestones reported", "detail": "The operator reports a FERC waiver to transfer capacity interconnection rights and an NRC fuel-license amendment; it still targets 2027 operation.", "sourceIds": [ "crane-2026-update" ] } ], "storyIds": [], "sourceIds": [ "crane-restart-plan", "crane-2026-update" ], "checked": "2026-09-07", "asOf": "2026-08-06" }, { "id": "sunzia-transmission", "name": "SunZia Transmission", "city": "New Mexico–Arizona corridor", "state": "New Mexico / Arizona", "states": [ "New Mexico", "Arizona" ], "developer": "Pattern Energy; Hitachi Energy", "kind": "power", "type": "transmission", "technology": "High-voltage direct-current transmission", "status": "operating", "outcome": "Hitachi Energy and Pattern Energy reported the transmission link fully operational in June 2026.", "scope": "This record tracks the transmission link, not the separate wind farm. No dedicated delivery to a named data center is established here.", "participants": "Pattern Energy; Hitachi Energy", "capacity": [ { "value": 3000, "unit": "MW", "label": "Transmission capability", "sourceIds": [ "sunzia-hvdc-operation" ] } ], "constraints": [], "events": [ { "date": "2026-06-19", "title": "Supplier and operator report service", "detail": "The announcement describes a roughly 550-mile link carrying electricity from New Mexico to Arizona.", "sourceIds": [ "sunzia-hvdc-operation" ] } ], "storyIds": [], "sourceIds": [ "sunzia-hvdc-operation" ], "checked": "2026-09-07", "asOf": "2026-06-19" }, { "id": "champlain-hudson", "name": "Champlain Hudson Power Express", "city": "Québec–New York City corridor", "state": "New York", "states": [ "New York" ], "developer": "Transmission Developers / Hydro-Québec", "kind": "power", "type": "transmission", "technology": "Buried and underwater HVDC transmission", "status": "operating", "outcome": "The developer reported commercial operation by June 16, 2026, while describing temporary restrictions on contracted energy sales.", "scope": "The 1,250 MW transfer capability does not guarantee that quantity is delivered every hour. Later resolution of the cited market restriction is not established in this record.", "participants": "Transmission Developers / Hydro-Québec", "capacity": [ { "value": 1250, "unit": "MW", "label": "Transmission capability", "sourceIds": [ "chpe-operation" ] } ], "constraints": [ { "type": "grid", "phase": "recorded", "detail": "Temporary market restrictions were reported at launch; the linked record does not document their later resolution.", "sourceIds": [ "chpe-operation" ] } ], "events": [ { "date": "2026-06-16", "title": "Commercial operation reported", "detail": "The release says the long-term contract began June 1, while temporary market restrictions affected how energy was being sold.", "sourceIds": [ "chpe-operation" ] } ], "storyIds": [], "sourceIds": [ "chpe-operation" ], "checked": "2026-09-07", "asOf": "2026-06-16" }, { "id": "kemmerer-natrium", "name": "Kemmerer Power Station Unit 1", "city": "Kemmerer", "state": "Wyoming", "states": [ "Wyoming" ], "developer": "US SFR Owner / TerraPower", "kind": "power", "type": "generation", "technology": "Sodium-cooled nuclear reactor with thermal storage", "status": "permitted", "outcome": "NRC’s docket records the construction-permit decision on March 9, 2026. Operating approval is a separate step.", "scope": "The electrical design rating is not the reactor’s 840 MW thermal rating. Temporary 500 MWe output uses storage; it is not a second continuous generating block.", "participants": "US SFR Owner / TerraPower", "capacity": [ { "value": 345, "unit": "MW", "label": "Proposed electrical generation", "sourceIds": [ "natrium-permit-scope" ] }, { "value": 500, "unit": "MW", "label": "Temporary electrical output with storage", "sourceIds": [ "natrium-permit-scope" ] } ], "constraints": [ { "type": "permitting", "phase": "pending", "detail": "Construction approval is documented; the plant still needs a separate operating license before it can operate.", "sourceIds": [ "natrium-permit-scope" ] } ], "events": [ { "date": "2024-03-28", "title": "Construction application submitted", "detail": "TerraPower submitted its construction-permit application.", "sourceIds": [ "natrium-permit-register" ] }, { "date": "2026-03-09", "title": "Construction-permit decision recorded", "detail": "The docket follows the March 4 authorization to issue. NRC states that a separate operating license is required.", "sourceIds": [ "natrium-permit-register", "natrium-permit-scope" ] } ], "storyIds": [], "sourceIds": [ "natrium-permit-scope", "natrium-permit-register" ], "checked": "2026-09-07", "asOf": "2026-03-09" }, { "id": "necec", "name": "New England Clean Energy Connect", "city": "Québec–Lewiston corridor", "state": "Maine", "states": [ "Maine" ], "developer": "NECEC Transmission / Avangrid; Hydro-Québec", "kind": "power", "type": "transmission", "technology": "High-voltage direct-current transmission", "status": "operating", "outcome": "The 1,200 MW line entered commercial operation on January 16, 2026, after a referendum and litigation interrupted its development.", "scope": "A transmission connection, not a new power station. Hourly imports depend on available supply and dispatch.", "participants": "NECEC Transmission / Avangrid; Hydro-Québec", "capacity": [ { "value": 1200, "unit": "MW", "label": "Transmission transfer capability", "sourceIds": [ "necec-eia-operation" ] } ], "constraints": [ { "type": "litigation", "phase": "historical", "detail": "The referendum and vested-rights dispute interrupted the route to construction; the record now includes operation.", "sourceIds": [ "necec-2022-opinion", "necec-eia-operation" ] } ], "events": [ { "date": "2021-11-02", "title": "Voters approve restrictions", "detail": "The Maine court describes a referendum that effectively halted the project.", "sourceIds": [ "necec-2022-opinion" ] }, { "date": "2022-08-30", "title": "Court orders further factfinding", "detail": "The court identifies a conditional vested-rights protection and remands for findings rather than itself resolving every factual issue.", "sourceIds": [ "necec-2022-opinion" ] }, { "date": "2023-04-20", "title": "Jury verdict supports proceeding", "detail": "Avangrid reports that the Cumberland County jury found in its favor on vested rights.", "sourceIds": [ "necec-2023-verdict" ] }, { "date": "2026-01-16", "title": "Commercial operation begins", "detail": "EIA records the start of commercial operation. Its later January analysis also documents interrupted imports during severe cold.", "sourceIds": [ "necec-eia-operation" ] } ], "storyIds": [ "necec-power-after-court-fight" ], "sourceIds": [ "necec-eia-operation", "necec-2022-opinion", "necec-2023-verdict" ], "checked": "2026-09-07", "asOf": "2026-01-16" }, { "id": "ipp-renewed", "name": "Intermountain Power Project Renewed", "city": "Delta", "state": "Utah", "states": [ "Utah" ], "developer": "Intermountain Power Agency; LADWP operating agent", "kind": "power", "type": "generation", "technology": "Natural gas; hydrogen-capable replacement units", "status": "operating", "outcome": "LADWP reported using the new natural-gas units in December 2025. Hydrogen blending remained a future step in the cited announcement.", "scope": "This replacement has an 840 MW rating versus the former coal plant’s 1,800 MW. Do not add the two ratings together or treat future hydrogen capability as current fuel use.", "participants": "Intermountain Power Agency; LADWP operating agent", "capacity": [ { "value": 840, "unit": "MW", "label": "Replacement-unit electrical capacity", "sourceIds": [ "ipp-capacity" ] } ], "constraints": [], "events": [ { "date": "2025-12-04", "title": "New gas-fired units reported in use", "detail": "The utility says the new units run on natural gas and describes hydrogen blending as planned.", "sourceIds": [ "ipp-gas-operation", "ipp-capacity" ] } ], "storyIds": [], "sourceIds": [ "ipp-capacity", "ipp-gas-operation" ], "checked": "2026-09-07", "asOf": "2025-12-04" }, { "id": "grain-belt-express", "name": "Grain Belt Express", "city": "Kansas–Missouri–Illinois route", "state": "Kansas / Missouri / Illinois", "states": [ "Kansas", "Missouri", "Illinois" ], "developer": "Invenergy", "kind": "power", "type": "transmission", "technology": "Planned HVDC transmission", "status": "financing", "outcome": "DOE terminated its conditional Phase 1 financing commitment in July 2025. The developer continues to describe a privately led transmission proposal.", "scope": "This is a dated funding decision, not a finding that the whole project was canceled or that construction is now under way. Phase 1 financing and full-route capacity have different scopes.", "participants": "Invenergy", "capacity": [ { "value": 5000, "unit": "MW", "label": "Planned full-project transmission capability", "sourceIds": [ "grain-belt-project" ] } ], "constraints": [ { "type": "financing", "phase": "recorded", "detail": "A conditional guarantee was withdrawn; subsequent financial close is not confirmed by these sources.", "sourceIds": [ "grain-belt-doe-withdrawal" ] } ], "events": [ { "date": "2025-07-23", "title": "Conditional federal commitment terminated", "detail": "DOE ended a proposed guarantee of up to $4.9 billion for Phase 1. The current developer page continues to present the project.", "sourceIds": [ "grain-belt-doe-withdrawal", "grain-belt-project" ] } ], "storyIds": [], "sourceIds": [ "grain-belt-project", "grain-belt-doe-withdrawal" ], "checked": "2026-09-07", "asOf": "2025-07-23" }, { "id": "gemini-solar-storage", "name": "Gemini Solar + Storage", "city": "Clark County", "state": "Nevada", "states": [ "Nevada" ], "developer": "Primergy / Quinbrook", "kind": "power", "type": "hybrid", "technology": "Solar generation and battery storage", "status": "operating", "outcome": "The developer announced full commercial operation in July 2024, after reporting supply-chain and inflation challenges.", "scope": "The battery shifts energy in time. Its power and energy ratings are not additional continuous solar generation.", "participants": "Primergy / Quinbrook", "capacity": [ { "value": 690, "unit": "MW", "label": "Solar generation rating", "sourceIds": [ "gemini-operation" ] }, { "value": 380, "unit": "MW", "label": "Battery discharge-power rating", "sourceIds": [ "gemini-operation" ] }, { "value": 1400, "unit": "MWh", "label": "Operator-reported battery energy", "sourceIds": [ "gemini-operation" ] } ], "constraints": [ { "type": "equipment", "phase": "historical", "detail": "The developer says it navigated supply-chain and inflation challenges before service; it does not identify them as current blockers.", "sourceIds": [ "gemini-operation" ] } ], "events": [ { "date": "2024-07-18", "title": "Commercial operation announced", "detail": "Primergy and Quinbrook reported the solar and co-located battery system fully operational.", "sourceIds": [ "gemini-operation" ] } ], "storyIds": [], "sourceIds": [ "gemini-operation" ], "checked": "2026-09-07", "asOf": "2024-07-18" }, { "id": "sierra-estrella", "name": "Sierra Estrella Energy Storage", "city": "Avondale", "state": "Arizona", "states": [ "Arizona" ], "developer": "Plus Power; Salt River Project", "kind": "power", "type": "storage", "technology": "Grid-charged battery storage", "status": "operating", "outcome": "SRP identifies Sierra Estrella as a 250 MW, four-hour battery that entered service in 2024.", "scope": "Four hours is the rated duration. The 1,000 MWh value below is calculated from 250 MW × four hours, not a separate measured dispatch result.", "participants": "Plus Power; Salt River Project", "capacity": [ { "value": 250, "unit": "MW", "label": "Battery discharge-power rating", "sourceIds": [ "srp-battery-register" ] }, { "value": 1000, "unit": "MWh", "label": "Derived rated energy: 250 MW × 4 hours", "sourceIds": [ "srp-battery-register" ] } ], "constraints": [], "events": [ { "date": "2024-06", "title": "New battery celebrated by utility", "detail": "SRP’s June announcement describes Sierra Estrella separately from the smaller Superstition battery. Its project register lists 2024 commercial operation.", "sourceIds": [ "sierra-estrella-operation", "srp-battery-register" ] } ], "storyIds": [], "sourceIds": [ "srp-battery-register", "sierra-estrella-operation" ], "checked": "2026-09-07", "asOf": "2024-06" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "necec-2022-opinion", "title": "NECEC Transmission: referendum and vested-rights decision", "publisher": "Maine Supreme Judicial Court", "url": "https://www.courts.maine.gov/news/necec/2022me48.pdf", "type": "Court opinion", "date": "2022-08-30", "accessed": "2026-09-07", "locator": "Paragraphs 2, 20 and 51–53; disposition on pages 38–39", "note": "The court remanded for factual findings on vested rights; this was not itself the later jury verdict or an operating authorization." }, { "id": "necec-2023-verdict", "title": "Avangrid reports the NECEC jury verdict", "publisher": "Avangrid", "url": "https://www.avangrid.com/w/avangrid-s-necec-project-may-lawfully-proceed", "type": "Developer statement", "date": "2023-04-20", "accessed": "2026-09-07", "locator": "Statements following the Cumberland County jury decision", "note": "A party’s account of the verdict, not an independent assessment of project benefits." }, { "id": "necec-eia-operation", "title": "NECEC enters service; winter trade flows change", "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=67105", "type": "Operational analysis", "date": "2026-01-30", "accessed": "2026-09-07", "locator": "Opening paragraphs; January 16 start and January 24–27 power-flow discussion", "note": "Transfer capacity is not guaranteed hourly delivery. The report describes a dated operating period, not current dispatch." }, { "id": "sunzia-hvdc-operation", "title": "SunZia transmission enters operation", "publisher": "Hitachi Energy, with Pattern Energy", "url": "https://www.hitachienergy.com/news-and-events/press-releases/2026/06/hitachi-energy-celebrates-the-inauguration-of-pattern-energy-s-sunzia-project-now-delivering-clean-reliable-power-to-millions-across-the-american-southwest", "type": "Supplier / operator announcement", "date": "2026-06-19", "accessed": "2026-09-07", "locator": "Opening bullets and first three paragraphs", "note": "The 3,000 MW figure is transmission capability, not wind-generation nameplate capacity or measured annual electricity delivery." }, { "id": "chpe-operation", "title": "Champlain Hudson Power Express marks completion and operation", "publisher": "Transmission Developers / Hydro-Québec", "url": "https://chpexpress.com/news/the-champlain-hudson-power-express-marks-completion-of-a-landmark-1250-mw-energy-infrastructure-project-connecting-quebec-to-new-york-city/", "type": "Developer announcement", "date": "2026-06-16", "accessed": "2026-09-07", "locator": "1,250 MW description; commercial-operation and temporary market-restriction paragraphs", "note": "The release distinguishes commercial operation from temporary restrictions on contracted energy sales. It does not establish their later resolution." }, { "id": "grain-belt-doe-withdrawal", "title": "DOE terminates Grain Belt Express conditional commitment", "publisher": "U.S. Department of Energy", "url": "https://www.energy.gov/articles/department-energy-terminates-taxpayer-funded-financial-assistance-grain-belt-express", "type": "Agency announcement", "date": "2025-07-23", "accessed": "2026-09-07", "locator": "Opening decision and financial-conditions paragraphs", "note": "The terminated commitment was conditional, not a disbursed loan. This action alone does not cancel the transmission project." }, { "id": "grain-belt-project", "title": "Grain Belt Express project description", "publisher": "Invenergy / Grain Belt Express", "url": "https://grainbeltexpress.com/", "type": "Developer project page", "date": "Current page; checked September 7, 2026", "accessed": "2026-09-07", "locator": "Powering Savings section and private-sector-led investment description", "note": "The stated 5,000 MW is planned transmission capacity. Promotional savings and data-center equivalents are not treated as measured outcomes." }, { "id": "crane-2026-update", "title": "Crane restart: interconnection and fuel-license milestones", "publisher": "Constellation", "url": "https://investors.constellationenergy.com/news-releases/news-release-details/constellation-reports-second-quarter-2026-results", "type": "Operator financial release", "date": "2026-08-06", "accessed": "2026-09-07", "locator": "Recent Developments: Crane Clean Energy Center paragraph", "note": "Reports regulatory milestones and a 2027 restart target, not operating output or a guarantee of completion." }, { "id": "crane-restart-plan", "title": "Crane restart and Microsoft power-purchase agreement", "publisher": "Constellation", "url": "https://investors.constellationenergy.com/news-releases/news-release-details/constellation-launch-crane-clean-energy-center-restoring-jobs", "type": "Operator announcement", "date": "2024-09-20", "accessed": "2026-09-07", "locator": "Restart scope, approximately 835 MW and 20-year Microsoft agreement", "note": "A power-purchase agreement is not a dedicated physical wire to a particular data center; restart remained conditional." }, { "id": "natrium-permit-register", "title": "Kemmerer Unit 1 construction-permit milestones", "publisher": "U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission", "url": "https://www.nrc.gov/reactors/new-reactors/advanced/who-were-working-with/past-license-activities/terrapower", "type": "Regulatory docket", "date": "Milestones through March 9, 2026", "accessed": "2026-09-07", "locator": "Key Milestones: March 28, 2024 application and March 9, 2026 construction-permit decision", "note": "The milestone table distinguishes actual from target dates. A construction permit is not an operating license." }, { "id": "natrium-permit-scope", "title": "NRC authorizes Kemmerer construction permit", "publisher": "U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission", "url": "https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNRC/bulletins/40ca5a7", "type": "Regulator bulletin", "date": "2026-03-04", "accessed": "2026-09-07", "locator": "Bulletin 26-028; 345 MWe, temporary 500 MWe output and separate operating-license requirement", "note": "March 4 was authorization to issue; the docket records the March 9 decision. Thermal MW and electrical MW are not interchangeable." }, { "id": "palisades-fuel-loading", "title": "Palisades begins fuel loading ahead of restart", "publisher": "Holtec International", "url": "https://holtecinternational.com/hh-47-17/", "type": "Operator announcement", "date": "2026-08-30", "accessed": "2026-09-07", "locator": "Opening paragraphs: fuel loading, Mode 6, refurbishment and 805 MWe design output", "note": "Fuel loading is a restart milestone, not proof of commercial generation. The owner’s 805 MWe rating is retained as stated." }, { "id": "ipp-gas-operation", "title": "LADWP reports using the new IPP generating units", "publisher": "Los Angeles Department of Water and Power", "url": "https://ladwpnews.com/coal-free-l-a-mayor-bass-announces-full-divestment-from-coal-in-city-power-supply-accelerating-transition-to-100-clean-energy/", "type": "Utility announcement", "date": "2025-12-04", "accessed": "2026-09-07", "locator": "Paragraph describing IPP units running on natural gas and future hydrogen blending", "note": "Hydrogen capability is not evidence that hydrogen was already in the fuel mix." }, { "id": "ipp-capacity", "title": "Intermountain Power Project: old and renewed units", "publisher": "Los Angeles Department of Water and Power", "url": "https://www.ladwp.com/strategic-initiatives/clean-energy-future/intermountain-power-project", "type": "Utility project record", "date": "Current page; checked September 7, 2026", "accessed": "2026-09-07", "locator": "IPP / IPP Renewed comparison table and current-fuel paragraph", "note": "840 MW describes replacement generation, not an 840 MW net addition on top of the former 1,800 MW coal plant. Future fuel-mix figures are not current observations." }, { "id": "gemini-operation", "title": "Gemini solar and storage reaches commercial operation", "publisher": "Primergy / Quinbrook", "url": "https://www.primergypower.com/news/historic-gemini-solar-energy-storage-project-reaches-commercial-operations-in-nevada", "type": "Operator announcement", "date": "2024-07-18", "accessed": "2026-09-07", "locator": "Opening announcement; 690 MW solar and 380 MW / 1,400 MWh storage paragraphs", "note": "Solar power, battery discharge power and stored energy are distinct quantities. Supplier and inflation challenges are the developer’s account." }, { "id": "sierra-estrella-operation", "title": "Sierra Estrella battery joins SRP’s system", "publisher": "Salt River Project / Plus Power", "url": "https://media.srpnet.com/two-new-batteries-on-srps-grid-will-advance-reliable-and-sustainable-power-for-srp-customers/", "type": "Utility announcement", "date": "2024-06", "accessed": "2026-09-07", "locator": "Sierra Estrella section: 250 MW facility; four-hour operating description", "note": "The announcement covers two batteries. Only Sierra Estrella’s 250 MW is assigned to this record, not the combined 340 MW." }, { "id": "srp-battery-register", "title": "SRP solar and storage project register", "publisher": "Salt River Project", "url": "https://www.srpnet.com/grid-water-management/grid-management/solar-energy", "type": "Utility project register", "date": "Current page; checked September 7, 2026", "accessed": "2026-09-07", "locator": "Table: Sierra Estrella Energy Storage, 250 MW four-hour battery, 2024 commercial operation", "note": "A nameplate rating and service year are not measured daily dispatch or proof of continuous availability." } ] }